9.1

LTV:CAC and CAC Payback

The ratio of a customer's expected lifetime gross profit to the cost of acquiring them, with payback period as the time taken to recover that cost.

No single originator; VC practitioner convention (Skok, Bessemer)

What it does

Lifetime contribution against acquisition cost, and how many months until the cost is recovered. Says quickly whether growth is self-funding.

When it breaks

LTV is a forecast, and extrapolating it from early cohorts is the most common error in the field. Note also that the 3:1 ratio and the twelve-month payback rule are conventions, not findings — they are routinely presented as research.

Case

Daniel McCarthy's analysis of Blue Apron's 2017 S-1 found CAC rising from a $94 historical average to roughly $169 in Q1 2017 against about $25 monthly gross profit per subscriber, pushing payback from around 4.5 to 8 months while over 62% of customers churned within six months.

Daniel McCarthy — Blue Apron's IPO filing ↗

Diagram — not yet drawn

Cumulative gross profit per cohort crossing the CAC line, drawn for two cohorts where one crosses and the other never does.

In the wild

Unvetted · not part of the tier assessment

What has been written about this tool in the last twelve months. Machine-retrieved and unchecked — everything above this line was checked.

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